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Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British Volume, Vol 91-B, Issue 8, 987-996.
doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.91B8.22546  
Copyright © 2009 by British Editorial Society of Bone and Joint Surgery
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The biology of platelet-rich plasma and its application in trauma and orthopaedic surgery

A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

J. Alsousou, MRCS, Clinical Research Fellow1; M. Thompson, PhD, University Lecturer in Orthopaedic Biomechanics2; P. Hulley, PhD, Research Fellow in Orthopaedic Science2; A. Noble, PhD, Professor of Engineering Science3; and K. Willett, FRCS, Professor of Trauma Orthopaedic Surgery1

1 Kadoorie Trauma Research Unit Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
2 The Botnar Research Centre Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.
3 Department of Engineering Science Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.

Correspondence should be sent to Mr J. Alsousou; e-mail: josephalsousou{at}doctors.org.uk

Although mechanical stabilisation has been a hallmark of orthopaedic surgical management, orthobiologics are now playing an increasing role. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a volume of plasma fraction of autologous blood having platelet concentrations above baseline. The platelet {alpha} granules are rich in growth factors that play an essential role in tissue healing, such as transforming growth factor-β, vascular endothelial growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor. PRP is used in various surgical fields to enhance bone and soft-tissue healing by placing supraphysiological concentrations of autologous platelets at the site of tissue damage. The easily obtainable PRP and its possible beneficial outcome hold promise for new regenerative treatment approaches.

The aim of this literature review was to describe the bioactivities of PRP, to elucidate the different techniques for PRP preparation, to review animal and human studies, to evaluate the evidence regarding the use of PRP in trauma and orthopaedic surgery, to clarify risks, and to provide guidance for future research.






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Hip, Knee, Trauma, Upper limb, Foot & Ankle, Paediatrics, Oncology, Spine, Arthroplasty, General